Commercial

Manufacturer-distributor negotiations, which must be reached no later than 1st March of each year, with the signing of a framework agreement defining all of the conditions governing the purchase by a distributor of products by manufacturer.

Rules to ensure that consumers are not misled by marketing schemes, sales promotions, names of products, allegations surrounding such products or product composition.

Optimsation of contractual arrangements ensuring the success of business objectives.

All conditions of sales transactions, as requested by the seller (or buyer) and detailing the conditions of sale (or purchase) products and quality standards, tariff reference Incoterms, price revision, conditions of sale modification, warranty, liability, risk transfer, logistical conditions, tr

Document prior to the signing of the franchise agreement by which the franchisee presents its market and the main provisions of the franchise agreement which is attached. It allows the franchisee to make an informed decision whether to join the franchise network.

Identifying potential claims for food products under applicable national and European law and professional practice laws and regulations (100% natural, nutritional claim, naturalness etc.) and names which can be given to the products according to their characteristics and the consumer perception.

A distributor may not sell a product below a certain price based on the purchase price, including discounts and rebates and other financial benefits, the cost of transport, etc..

Agreement of parties on the terms of a contract which will be enforced by the power of the law. This is a binding law in the sense that if one party fails in its obligations, the Court can impose penalties. 

Implementation of all legal means, whether amiable or judicial, in order to obtain payment of a debt by a debtor.

An action that likely to affect the free will of a person engaged in a legal act, such as a contract. Article 1109 of the French Civil Code contains an exhaustive list of defects of consent which are error, fraud and violence.

A judge, if deemed necessary, may appoint an expert to shed light on a question relating to a dispute.

A financial obligation for which a person is responsible either due to non-performance or breach of contract (contractual liability) or due to a willful act or otherwise,  meaning that the person in the wrong or who is allegedly so, has an the obligation to repair the damage that has been caused

Provisions generally subject to judicial authorisation, allowing a party whose claim seems to be justified, to obtain guarantees of payment of conditional or disputed liabilities, or liabilities which may be disputed. 

Wrongful conduct of a person abusing the freedom of trade and causing a disturbance to the business of another person. This may be denigration, wrongful dismissal of employees, or imitation of products or processes.

Consisting either in extortion of money, a signature or a waiver, or in obtaining a secret by threatening to reveal a real or imaginary allegation, tarnishing the reputation of the victim.

Criminally punishable behaviour whereby an individual solicits; accepts or approves any gift, offer or promise of any benefit in order to delay or to directly or indirectly deny an action in connection with their profession.

Obtaining an object, a sum of money or a promise from a person either deceitfully, or by using a false name or status, or abusing of a truthful capacity, or by using fraudulent manoeuvres. 

Denunciation of a fact known to be totally or partially inaccurate, which is likely to result in judicial, administrative or disciplinary action against an individual, who is addressed either to the police or an authority having the power to act upon these allegation, or call in  the competent au

Operation whereby a creditor assigns the debt to a third party against the debtor, thereby transferring of right shares and rights attached to the assigned debt. The assignee becomes the new creditor in place of the transferor.

Security whereby a third party agrees in respect of a creditor to pay the debt of the principal debtor in the event that the latter fail in its obligations. The bond may be real or personal.

Assignment of debt whereby a company sells its debt to an entity that will transform it into stocks, bonds or transfer insurance risk.

Legal proceedings initiated by a creditor seeking to force the sale of a property belonging to the debtor, without the consent of the latter, in order to obtain repayment of its outstanding debt sale.